Will the Rust Belt Become the Green Belt?

Forget Silicon Valley. Maybe the green technology boom will really be based in the industrial heartland.

When people think of the green economy in the U.S., they immediately think of Silicon Valley, the patch of land bordered by highways 280 and 101 that gave birth to the modern computer revolution.

But as time goes on, there is a real strong chance that a large portion of it could migrate to what geographers call the Bob Seger Crescent, that swath of land around the Great Lakes area that gave rise to Ford and mid-1970s bar bands.

I recently interviewed Sandra Pupatello, an Ontario Parliament member and Minister of International Trade and Investment about the activity in alternative energy and energy efficiency taking place in Ontario. She spelled out a great case on how going green and economic growth can go hand in hand.

Over the past several years, the province has enacted a wide-ranging set of environmental policies, including a goal of getting rid of all coal-burning power plants by 2014. This past May, Parliament enacted the Green Energy and Green Economy Act, which includes a German-style feed-in tariff and incentives to lure solar manufacturers to the area.

Home energy audits, unless waived by the buyer, are mandatory. Approximately $4 billion in clean projects are underway.

Ontario is the industrial and automotive heartland of Canada. Not one of the groovier parts that might support green technologies as a lifestyle accessory.

"We've got some large energy users," she said. "If Ontario can do this with its industrial base, any jurisdiction can do it."

In fact, you hear similar things from rustbelt politicians like Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell and Michigan's Jennifer Granholm. (Both Pupatello and Rendell, whom I've also interviewed, reinforce my personal belief that politicians are about the most enthusiastic and helpful group of people you could ever hope to meet. If Larry Craig had handled his scandal with a little more charm, he'd probably still be vetoing legislation and decrying the state of American society from inside our nation's finest men's rooms.)

Granted, laying out policy and actually succeeding are two different things, but here's why the plans from these somewhat hard-hit areas might work:

Desperation
Unemployment, or at least soft employment, has remained a problem since the 1970s when Japan began to increase its global market share in steel and cars. The downturn hasn't helped.

"In North America, we're going through tough times in the auto sector. It is the canary in the coal mine for the overall economy," Pupatello said. "If you want to check how Canada is doing economically, go to the parking lot and look at the age of the cars."

In these areas, voters are going to be more willing to subsidize or underwrite legislation to attract new business. Solar and wind manufacturers will seek out these tax breaks and as time goes on they will get more generous. How generous can these programs get? When Taiwan wanted to build a chip industry, it created a tax credit structure so generous that for years behemoths like TSMC made more money after taxes in a profitable year than before because of accumulated credits.

North Americans have been reluctant to go as far with their tax breaks as some foreign governments, but if the economy doesn't crumble, Midwest state governments will up the ante. By contrast, California probably won't offer as many breaks. In California, technology companies are largely based around intellectual property. Offering tax credits usually means giving money to millionaires who will only hire a limited number of people – not a big vote getter.

California is also broke. Last year, even before the current fiscal crisis, one solar CEO told me the incentives he got from one city government for keeping prototype manufacturing in the Valley came to around $600.

Bricks and Mortar
Although technology and intellectual property will play a huge part in the greentech revolution, the business will likely be dominated and driven by mass manufacturers. That is perhaps the biggest difference between computing and green. A successful software company can find success with just a few programmers, a case of Red Bull and great word of mouth. A good part of the margin is also retained by these companies – the manufactured hardware devices mostly exist as a shell for delivering an experience.

Not so in green. Increasingly, technologically creative companies will need to latch onto the makers of hard goods. Some such as Nanostellar and Achates Power have already altered their business models to adjust to this.

If you saw Eight Mile, you know there are plenty of boarded-up buildings ready for redecorating. Serious Materials has purchased factories in Illinois and Pennsylvania to make windows.

College Kids
Nine thousand engineers graduate from Ontario universities a year, Pupatello stated. Across the border you see the University of Michigan, RPI, Penn State, Ohio State and other well-respected technical universities whose graduates now often move elsewhere to get jobs. A local wellspring of talent is a key part in establishing a technology center.

Plus, there's the added bonus: Real estate in these areas is cheap now but will soar in price as global warming parches the southwest. I guarantee you'll hear that more in recruiting pitches.

Nuclear
The other cleantech. Although Ontario has an ambitious solar program, the bulk of its baseline power will come from hydroelectric and nuclear. Thus, the region can try to get rid of coal without scaring away mass manufacturers. Weirdly, you could even make a case that the future of solar and modern batteries will get paved by nuclear plants.  

None of this, of course, is a slam dunk. To build a comprehensive green economy, these regions will also have to develop tech transfer policies at universities and California remains tops in that department. North Americans also often think of fuel as free.

"We've had the luxury of less expensive energy for decades," Pupatello said. "It is easier to make the case in Europe. They play the pay for energy is enormous."

But if we've learned anything in the past few decades, it's that businesses travel more than you'd think.

Comments [5]

  • Alternative Profits 07/1/09 10:07 AM

    The two key aspects that will drive alternative energy are huge capital and engineering capability. I think this is where the oncoming energy revolution will be dramatically different from the IT revolution; and which is also why it is quite unlikely that any one place on earth will be the hub of this revolution.

    It is more likely that there are many hubs all over the world - in China, in Australia, in India…where lots of capital can meet good engineering talent, and where lots of energy are required (so that brings to mind China and India, not just USA), the alt energy revolution is going to take root and spread wings.

    I am not entirely sure how important intellectual property is - sure, it will play a role, but I suspect it’s role will be far less important than it was for the IT revolution

    NS @ Alternative Energy Profits - http://www.altprofits.com/ref/report/report.html

    Reply
  • Mekhong Kurt 07/3/09 10:31 PM

    I think this article is right on target—just like the minister in Ontario.

    In Texas, where I grew up—people are still fixated on fossil fuels, particularly “romantic” oil. Why? First is the legend of Texas in the oil boom last century. Then there are the countless personal tales about the Great Depression years. My Mother was a little girl then, so her memory’s foggy. But she knows many of the older boys and men in her extended family in West Texas would line up every morning outside the nearest working oil well, and a lucky few might get a day’s work.

    Of course, there were never enough jobs to go around.  Mom had something like a dozen uncles alone—never mind cousins (scads). And the oil field managers tried to do right—after all, they tended to be local, too—and rotated whatever work there was.

    Didn’t mean Joe went hungry.  My Grandmother’s family shared with each other.  So did my Grandfather’s. And the two families shared with each other.  NO one ever did without.

    Those are powerful, binding ties.

    Mom was over the Moon when Pailn said, “Drill, baby, drill!”  [I was horrified.]  It’s in her veins, deep.

    So, what’s my point?  To underscore the difficulty of changing attitudes.  Mom genuinely believes that fossil fuels aren’t so dirty, and she believes global warming is some sort of commie myth.  And she’s *educated*—BA and MA degrees in English, retired highschool English teacher, recipient of a Fulbright Scholarship, and reasonably well-traveled.

    She thinks peak oil is a myth.

    My Sister and I inherited land.  My Sister and her family live on it, which is long and skinny, like a pencil, except a bit at one end.  I’ve we put wind turbines at the far end of the ranch and all the houses on the land (6) on the wind grid.  My sister is educated, too.  A teacher.  ABD. While Sis isn’t as extreme as Mom, she’s pretty far into the oil camp, and resists. “Unsightly.”  Never mind her huge electric bills in her 3,400 square foot home, nor in the rental properties—our trailerracks up $600+ in one month for electric.

    Mom’s 75 and Sis is 55; they aren’t going to change.  There are untold numbers of Moms and Sisters across the land.

    And it goes beyond logic, at least in their cases and, I believe, many others.  They complain about “Obama’s taxes are going to destroy the nation, subsidizing all this green stuff.”  Do the math on how we subsidize oil, coal, and gas—and they flat refuse to discuss it further.  The issue in visceral, not cerebral, not for them.

    In my view, “that"s the biggest single barrier to shifting towards solar, wind, even nuclear.  (Both Mom and Sis sing high praises to nuclear—we have relatives in the industry on the in-the-plant working level, not office types—UNTIL I suggest we lobby our elected representatives to have one built near US.  “NIMBY!” they scream in unison.)

    Now, it sounds like I want to run the Exxons, the Mobils, the coal mines, the natural gas field companies out of business.  No, I don’t.  On the pragmatic level of energy needs, fossil fuels, and probably nuclear, are going to be the bigger part of the equation for decades to come, barring some mad scientist locked away in a lab coming up with some truly revolutionary, presently unimaginable, new energy source. On the human level—it would take a real . . . well, plug in a bad name there; your choice . . . to wish to see tens, maybe hundreds, of thousands of workers thrown into the breadline, to see investors lose their dreams—little investors, like maybe your parents and grandparents.  And to see structurally fine companies destroyed overnight.

    I *would* like to see the two sides to sit down together with open minds, leaving all the garbage about “Obama’s a commie!” and “Bush was a Nazi!” outside the darned room.  (I get sick to death of hearing both extremists’ camps.)

    On the right—fossil energy is dirty.  Forget global warming.  Even if it’s a myth, I want clean air, water, and soil.  And fossil fuels are finite; otherwise, why are oil companies so hot on shale oil—when a few decades ago, they would have laughed derisively at the suggestion of drilling for it?  Green is clean, and if a guy can build an oil derrick, he can build a wind turbine.  Or install or repair solar panels.  And so on.  Get over it; green will have to come sooner or later; let’s ease the transition for displaced workers so they step out of the oil patch and into a wind farm.

    And you folks on the left, first of all, Bush isn’t President anymore.  Quit demonizing him.  Wake up and smell the coffee; all the green technologies combined are still many years away from doing the heavy lifting.  Get over it.

    I don’t mean to anger either side here.  Yes, I myself lean green—but I don’t hate “the other side,” as I hope I’ve made clear.  If anything, I hope I’m being a little bit of a peace-maker.

    Reply
  • JoeJoe 07/5/09 7:48 PM

    What is engineering capability if not intellectual property?

    Reply
  • Patrick 07/6/09 2:26 PM

    The upper Midwest is much better prepared to adapt to a knowledge-based economy than the South/Sunbelt. Here is an example: Toyota NA has all its grunt work located in the South due to lower costs and non-union environments. However, Toyota opted to keep its brainpower IN the Rustbelt near Ann Arbor. The Southern states need to come up with a better strategy than to give incentives for plants when in 20 years those same plants will relocate to Mexico.

    Reply
  • Laura Shenkar 07/6/09 4:28 PM

    Water could bubble up Detroit’s recovery

    More than a hundred years ago, Henry Ford transformed the automobile from a custom-made, luxury item to a low-cost, standardized product that became the engine of the world economy. What would happen if the design skills that created the Mustang convertible were charged with creating cost-effective “plug and play” onsite water “appliances” to be used by cities and businesses?

    Michigan Lt. Gov. John Cherry Jr. recently announced a plan to get Detroit’s unemployed autoworkers to back work in the water sector. The “Green Jobs for Blue Waters Initiative,” in partnership with the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, will pair Michigan workers from Detroit and Farmington Hills with Miya, a global water supply management firm, to train them in industrial design for water management.

    The goal is to develop the capacity for Michigan to become an international leader in water-management, creating American jobs and “exporting its knowledge and experience to a thirsty world,” Cherry said.

    Advertisement

    Today, the U.S. water industry remains fragmented, driven by custom projects to fix small parts of our rapidly decaying centralized water infrastructure. But our infrastructure is failing. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that it would cost $267 billion during the next 20 years to adequately repair existing water infrastructure.

    We cannot ignore the dramatic benefits of onsite water appliances for businesses and cities. Businesses use an estimated one-third of urban water. Onsite water recycling can save 80 percent to 90 percent of the drinking water required at a business like a retail store, and over 85 percent of the energy previously required to convey that water from a local treatment plant to that business. In places where water must be transported long distances, the energy savings of onsite water management are comparable to installing solar panels as an alternate energy source.

    The need to use water and energy more wisely is great, and the technology for on location water management is well-proven and improving rapidly. What is lacking is the kind of industrial design for reliability and low-cost manufacturing that the engineers who once worked at Chrysler, GM and Ford can bring.

    Here is an enormous market—estimated to generate $500 billion worldwide annually—that cannot help but grow in importance. Now is the time to harness Detroit’s design expertise to launch this great industry in the United States.

    Laura Shenkar is principal at The Artemis Project, a consulting practice that combines business development for pioneering water tech products with projects that apply water conservation approaches to large corporations.

    http://www.detnews.com/article/20090618/OPINION01/906180430/1008/OPINION01/Water-could-bubble-up-Detroit-s-recovery

    Reply
.