• Friday, July 3, 2009 Latest Update: 10:49AM
Michael Kanellos | September 18, 2008 at 12:27 PM 9 Comments

Tesla Kills Its Gas-Electric Hybrid

Well, that didn’t take long.

Back in Feburary, Tesla Motors CEO Ze’ev Drori and chairman Elon Musk said that the electric-car company would come out with a version of its Model S sedan that would be based around a series hybrid architecture. In a series hybrid or REV (for range-extended electric vehicle), the car runs on an electric motor powered by batteries. The batteries in turn are recharged while driving by an onboard gas generator. It’s the secret sauce behind the Chevy Volt, coming in 2010.

“It is more than research. We intend to have it as part of the offering,” Drori told me then. “The Whitestar (the code-name for the Model S.) can be all-electric or it can be an REV.”

Those plans have been scrapped. Speaking at the GoingGreen conference yesterday, Musk officially said that Tesla was only pursuing all-electric cars and not hybrids.

Why the reversal? During the early part of the summer, Tesla began to more seriously analyze the engineering challenges of making a plug-in series hybrid. In an all-electric car, the battery pack only has to be charged every 250 miles or so. In a series hybrid, the battery needs to be charged every 40 miles before getting recharged by the gas engine. Thus, the battery in a series hybrid goes through a lot more cycles in a year.

Lithium-ion battery packs, which Tesla put in its Roadster, do not hold up well under intense cycling like that. “The battery you need for a plug-in (series) hybrid has to have a very high cycle life,” said Tesla Chief Marketing Officer Daryl Siry. “You need an entirely different chemistry.”

Lithium-phosphate batteries, like the kind A123 Systems hopes to sell to GM for the Volt, can endure this kind of cycling. However, they have a lower-energy density than lithium ion. As a result, a lithium-phosphate battery has to be somewhat large, which reduces any cost advantages of the architecture, opined Siry.

Combining gas and electric systems in this manner is also a tangled engineering bowl of spaghetti. Series hybrids actually can end up running off the gas generator at times, according to Siry. In the end, Tesla determined that it wouldn’t really help them.

“We also thought, ‘Let’s stick to our knitting,’ ” he said. The company, he added, can always revisit the idea.

Musk, by the way, was always a somewhat reluctant supporter of series hybrids. Even in February, he said that the price of an all-electric car and a series hybrid wouldn’t be significantly lower. Tesla was pursuing the series option only for customers who were worried about the limited driving range of all-electric cars. (Because the gas generator charges the battery while the car is in motion, these cars in theory can go 400 miles before conking out.). The company has informally been dissing series hybrids for the past several weeks too.

The decision, though, will likely once again let the world draw firm lines between GM and Tesla. GM bristles at series hybrids. It likes REV. The money-losing automotive giant says these cars are much cheaper than electric cars and will have the range customers need.

Tesla, meanwhile, says that the cost of batteries and electric cars will decline. You might even see a $20,000 electric car in the not-too-distant future. And the practical problems of charge time and finding filling stations will be resolved. But of course, right now electric cars cost over $100,000 and if you want to drive one from San Francisco to Los Angeles, expect to spend some time at the Andersen Split Pea Soup restaurant on Highway 5 while your car charges.

Meanwhile, there is option C. Many other large auto makers plan to come out with plug-in hybrids, although most will likely just crank up the amount of batteries they put in their regular parallel hybrids. In these, the gas engine doesn’t recharge. It helps run the car. They are probably the cheapest and least advanced option, although in many ways the most practical.

It will be fun to watch.

Comments [9]

  • kerry bradshaw 09/18/08 3:02 PM

    A battery-only electric car at this stage of battery development , is a brainless technology that makes no sense whatsoever, economically or otherwise. The main reason Tesla is not building an
    e-rev is quite simple - they don’t have the know-how or resources. They can only put together simple electric cars that aren’t any more advanced in any significant fashion from the electric cars built before WWI.  When consumers finally get wise and realize that a battery-only has batteries that are being totally discharged, which shortens their life dramatically, and those batteries cost between $20,000 and $30,000 and last only 5 years, you won’t be able to give those cars away.  An electric car without a practical battery is an oxymoorn. You can put all the lipstick you want to on that vehicle to con the gulible younger generation of conspiracy-addled morons, but the technology with those obsolete 1st generation li ion batteries (a fact conveniently
    not mentioned by Musk, nor known by the author of this blog)  is an oxymoron, with the emphasis on moron.  Happy electric motoring.

    Reply
  • perre masonic 09/18/08 4:07 PM

    musk is just a guy with tons of cash to burn…my bet is tesla motors gives up in about 2 years and musk moves on to rocketry

    Reply
  • Zero X Owner 09/18/08 5:26 PM

    @ kerry:

    I’ll tell that to my (100% wind-powered) daily driver li-ion battery-only (current technology) electric vehicle I use to commute to work. Oh, and I’m an economist.

    some general thoughts on your comments:

    More choices is always good for consumers. Who says an e-rev is the only meaningful mode of transportation, that one vehicle has to do it all, or that families have to have only one vehicle? When I go an long trips (a couple of times a year) or need to haul big stuff, I just rent a hybrid, easy.

    Auto manufacturers are facing increasing market saturation and uncertain regulation changes to emissions and efficiency requirements. They better start coming out with more drive train/application diversity (it means they don’t have to compete as directly, either) if they want to be around another 100 years. Your description of Tesla’s target buyers tells me you know little about consumer markets. Sure, all the variants are different, with costs showing up at different timing. As you note, the consumer will figure out what works best for them and they’ll express their preferences in boatloads of dollars. Being able to pop in an new, upgraded, higher performance energy carrier every several years, ultimately, as I plan to with my vehicle, sounds like a benefit to me, not something that will drive folks away.

    What matters for functioning markets in this case is matching up new supplies with burgeoning demands, brainless or not. Or do you not want new American companies to create new jobs and make profits?

    Finally, your description of battery management tells me you don’t understand how these things work. Battery management systems to optimize battery life is a fundamental part of every electric vehicle design I know.

    Happy electric motoring, indeed. I’ll think of you as I do it again tomorrow.

    Reply
  • NorthernPiker 09/19/08 4:58 AM

    Kerry,

    What you say is true. In fact ,calendar life may even fry lightly used battery packs in less than 4 or 5 years. After all, the Tesla battery packs use off-the-shelf laptop/cellphone battery cells that are low in cycle life (~ 500 cycles) and calendar life that are quite suited to the product life of laptops and cellphones. However, the Telsa market is not the mainstream car market.

    A Tesla Roadster buyer gets high end performance with a green cachet. The $100K + price tag is moderated by the savings in gas and more importantly in maintenance - no need for a live-in mechanic. Furthermore, the resale value of the Tesla should be quite high. A $20K battery refurbishment (cell replacement ) should not impact the resale price that much, especially since the “new” battery pack should provide superior performance than the original pack.

    Reply
  • richard schumacher 09/22/08 2:49 AM

    Anecdotes are poor evidence, but for your consideration here’s another fellow who has several years’ experience with commercially-made EVs:
    http://www.evnut.com/

    Reply
  • mds 09/22/08 7:59 PM

    So Tesla and Musk will miss the mark again.  An expensive all-electric car, with limited range, requiring electric charge stations (that don’t exist) to go on a weekend trip.  Their sports car made a point that EV could be sexy.  With the battery technology not being there yet they are now targeting another niche market.  A reasonably priced REV could have much more impact.  Hard to know how to get there if you don’t know where you’re going.  Wake-up Tesla!  Economist my hind end!  The GM Volt REV is a much better idea, much better long term planning, ...unless you have access to breakthrough battery technology.

    Reply
  • Roger Wright 09/23/08 5:29 AM

    There is no “secret” to the Volt system.  It is called a series hybrid and has powered just about every submarine made and well as many other naval vessels, countless cars, etc. for well over 100 years.

    Learn how to convert your current car into an electric car for less than the cost of buying new.  See your local electric vehicle association. http://www.eaaev.org

    Reply
  • Richard 09/23/08 11:42 AM

    MDS, It’s apparent you don’t care about gas consumption if you go on long weekend trips every weekend.  You ARE not a candidate for an electric car.  I, on the other hand, drive at most 60 miles per day.  That is a lot of driving.  More than I care for.  If I want to go on a long trip, I either fly, or rent a car.  That is simple.
    kerry bradshaw, I’ve seen several of your posts on many sites, and it’s always amazing how you bash the EV with the same vigor and thoughtless rants.  Batteries cast $20,000 if you buy the most expensive one.  There are much less expensive versions out there, but never mention that fact.  Tesla know what they are doing, and will offer an appropriately priced batter and car when the time is right.  The Volt only goes 40 miles with a less energy dense battery.

    Reply
  • Tony Maine 09/24/08 2:31 PM

    Which car goes further, an all electric charged by wind or solar, or a gas vehicle without any gas, and no option of even putting in biodiesel or 100% ethanol? Electricity can be made from so many sources it is an ideal intermediary for powering essential devices, so insulating the owner to a greater or lesser extent from the vagaries of the petrochemical market.  I’m not surprised that Tesla backed off from a full hybrid. I would think a safe cost to develop a hybrid drive system from scratch, engineered to fit their vehicle, would be about $250 million, and they don’t have that much - even from Google.

    Reply

Green Light

Greentech Media's Green Light blog covers the full-scope of the greentech world, while expanding the range of our daily news reporting with brief and insightful blog posts from our Greentech Media editors, GTM Research analysts and numerous guest bloggers.

.