Well, that didn’t take long.
Back in Feburary, Tesla Motors CEO Ze’ev Drori and chairman Elon Musk said that the electric-car company would come out with a version of its Model S sedan that would be based around a series hybrid architecture. In a series hybrid or REV (for range-extended electric vehicle), the car runs on an electric motor powered by batteries. The batteries in turn are recharged while driving by an onboard gas generator. It’s the secret sauce behind the Chevy Volt, coming in 2010.
“It is more than research. We intend to have it as part of the offering,” Drori told me then. “The Whitestar (the code-name for the Model S.) can be all-electric or it can be an REV.”
Those plans have been scrapped. Speaking at the GoingGreen conference yesterday, Musk officially said that Tesla was only pursuing all-electric cars and not hybrids.
Why the reversal? During the early part of the summer, Tesla began to more seriously analyze the engineering challenges of making a plug-in series hybrid. In an all-electric car, the battery pack only has to be charged every 250 miles or so. In a series hybrid, the battery needs to be charged every 40 miles before getting recharged by the gas engine. Thus, the battery in a series hybrid goes through a lot more cycles in a year.
Lithium-ion battery packs, which Tesla put in its Roadster, do not hold up well under intense cycling like that. “The battery you need for a plug-in (series) hybrid has to have a very high cycle life,” said Tesla Chief Marketing Officer Daryl Siry. “You need an entirely different chemistry.”
Lithium-phosphate batteries, like the kind A123 Systems hopes to sell to GM for the Volt, can endure this kind of cycling. However, they have a lower-energy density than lithium ion. As a result, a lithium-phosphate battery has to be somewhat large, which reduces any cost advantages of the architecture, opined Siry.
Combining gas and electric systems in this manner is also a tangled engineering bowl of spaghetti. Series hybrids actually can end up running off the gas generator at times, according to Siry. In the end, Tesla determined that it wouldn’t really help them.
“We also thought, ‘Let’s stick to our knitting,’ ” he said. The company, he added, can always revisit the idea.
Musk, by the way, was always a somewhat reluctant supporter of series hybrids. Even in February, he said that the price of an all-electric car and a series hybrid wouldn’t be significantly lower. Tesla was pursuing the series option only for customers who were worried about the limited driving range of all-electric cars. (Because the gas generator charges the battery while the car is in motion, these cars in theory can go 400 miles before conking out.). The company has informally been dissing series hybrids for the past several weeks too.
The decision, though, will likely once again let the world draw firm lines between GM and Tesla. GM bristles at series hybrids. It likes REV. The money-losing automotive giant says these cars are much cheaper than electric cars and will have the range customers need.
Tesla, meanwhile, says that the cost of batteries and electric cars will decline. You might even see a $20,000 electric car in the not-too-distant future. And the practical problems of charge time and finding filling stations will be resolved. But of course, right now electric cars cost over $100,000 and if you want to drive one from San Francisco to Los Angeles, expect to spend some time at the Andersen Split Pea Soup restaurant on Highway 5 while your car charges.
Meanwhile, there is option C. Many other large auto makers plan to come out with plug-in hybrids, although most will likely just crank up the amount of batteries they put in their regular parallel hybrids. In these, the gas engine doesn’t recharge. It helps run the car. They are probably the cheapest and least advanced option, although in many ways the most practical.
It will be fun to watch.
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