• Saturday, November 21, 2009 Latest Update: 4:29PM
ghayes | March 11, 2009 at 10:42 AM 4 Comments

Fast Batteries

The news that MIT researchers have developed a lithium material that dramatically shortens battery charging times changes the equation for electric cars. It’s a long way from the lab to the showroom, but the battery breakthrough is a big step toward making electric cars eminently practical.

Even though most of us drive fewer than 40 miles each day, the ranges allowed by today’s battery technologies are a major psychological barrier. And most of us do drive several hundred miles at a go now and then.

Eventually batteries will store enough energy to give electric vehicles the ranges we expect from our cars. Fast-charging batteries could solve the problem before then.

Imagine an electric car with a 100-mile range, something that’s likely to be widely available within five years. If it has a fast-charging battery — say something that allows 10-minute pit stops — the perception of electric cars could change dramatically. The recharging stops would be more frequent and a few minutes longer than today’s refueling stops, but I think the experience would be similar enough that people will stop thinking of electric cars as range-limited.

Highway refueling stops usually involve answering nature’s call, buying snacks and/or stretching legs. Behaviorally, the only difference would be that instead of doing these activities before or after refueling, people will do them while their cars are recharging.

It’s clear that liquid fuels will be the dominant power source in the transportation sector for years to come, if for no other reason than the time it takes to replace the installed base of internal combustion engine vehicles. And plug-in hybrid vehicles are an important transition technology. But the best option is electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources, especially with the expected boom in the global car population thanks to China and India. Fast battery technology could be a critical factor in establishing electric vehicles in time to make a difference.

Eric Smalley is the editor of Energy Research News. He has written about technology since 1987 and has freelanced for many publications including Discover, Scientific American, Wired News and The Boston Globe on topics ranging from quantum cryptography to global warming.

Comments [4]

  • Eric K 03/23/09 7:52 AM

    With the current goal of 25% of US energy from renewable sources by 2025, we are finally turning the corner away from non-sustainable energy sources.  As far as new technology goes, we already have it.  This goal could easily be accomplished by building out parabolic trough solar thermal fields in the American southwest.  This technology is proven (over 20 years) and has low-cost inputs.

    Reply
  • Eric Smalley 03/12/09 11:04 AM

    The Register’s trademark skepticism is an important antidote to the all-too-common hype in tech reporting. I recommend making The Register a regular part of your reading diet. Their skepticism can sometimes be more reactionary than substantive, however, and you should weigh as many sources as you reasonably can.

    As I said, it’s a long way from the lab to the showroom, and there are a lot of questions. But I don’t think the previous development of lithium titanate batteries diminishes the importance of this development. Nanostructured lithium titanate batteries are fast charging, but they hold less energy than standard lithium ion batteries.

    Important questions for this (and any other laboratory breakthrough) are can the fabrication process be scaled up for manufacturing, and how much will it cost. After that, we can get to engineering questions like how to build fast-charging infrastructure.

    What I find most interesting about this breakthrough is that it’s a new approach to lithium transport chemistry and it potentially applies to materials other than lithium iron phosphate.

    I’m less interested in whether to bet on the particular technology these MIT researchers have developed than I am in how this advances the whole field of fast battery research. And that’s what led me to ponder the impact of fast-charging electric car batteries.

    Reply
  • Jodes 03/17/09 5:08 PM

    I am a student writing my major on the types of engines and the future of personal transportation.  I came across a couple questions and was wondering if you had any thoughts to offer:

    With regards to electric cars and the source of electricity not being so green (most plants using coal and others creating nuclear waste), a few sources have given me an estimate of 40-60years before a new form of green electricity generation such as tidal power/wind/solar etc will be greatly moving forward. Do you think this is about right and do you think the public consumers care where the power comes from; and does this impact on the market for hybrid and/or electric cars by companies and any political views?

    Why are the hybrids so centralized on petrol? Is this a cost issue or a political slide to keep consumers on the hook? With the debates about diesel being a cleaner option and LPG and a hydrogen engine on the way; why aren’t companies investing in LPG-Electric OR Diesel-Electric OR Hydro-Electric Hybrid engines for vehicles?

    Any response or advice on where i can follow this up further will be greatly appreciated.

    Reply

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