U.S. Biodiesel Lives to See Another Day: Tax Credit Back!

The $1.00/gal tax credit is reinstated.

U.S. Biodiesel Lives to See Another Day: Tax Credit Back!

Mark Twain once quipped, "The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."  Two weeks ago, we wrote that U.S. biodiesel producers were up the creek without a paddle (see The State of U.S. Biodiesel).

The U.S. Congress just threw them a life jacket.

On December 31, 2009, Congress allowed a crucial $1.00/gal tax credit to expire, resulting in U.S. biodiesel production capacity dipping to around 15%.

Fortunately for biodiesel producers, the gravitational pull between politicians and bailing out unprofitable industries is among the strongest forces in the universe. 

On Wednesday, the U.S. Senate voted 62-36 for the "American Workers, State, and Business Relief Act," which retroactively reinstituted the $1.00/gal biodiesel tax credit through December 31, 2010.  The House and Senate must reconcile differences between a similar bill called H.R. 4213, but the passage of this bill in the Senate is of immense importance for the industry.

Is biodiesel even worth it?

I know what a lot of you are going to say. We need biodiesel. It is a domestic renewable energy source that displaces petroleum diesel.  It has numerous environmental benefits.  The industry produces tens of thousands of jobs.  

All of these are valid points. 

Except they neglect two unsightly facts: first, the U.S. will divert more than 10% of its soybean crop to displace a little more than 1% of its diesel consumption (assuming 650 million gallons are produced - see EPA Issues Renewable Fuel Standards).

Second, the economics of U.S. biodiesel are unprofitable without subsidies.

For example, let's assume that to produce one gallon of biodiesel requires 7.3 pounds of feedstock.  If we use soybeans -- which account for close to 85% of the feedstocks used in the U.S. -- and the spot price for soybean oil on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is $.40/lb -- we find that the per gallon feedstock cost to produce a gallon of biodiesel is $2.92/gal.

If you add $0.81 per gallon in capital, energy, and operational costs (net of any sales of glycerin), we find that the levelized cost to produce a gallon of unsubsidized soy-based biodiesel is $3.73/gal.

According to the Department of Energy, in early March, the wholesale price for diesel in the U.S. was around $2.00/gal.  This means that biodiesel producers must be able to produce biodiesel at a cost of $1.84/gal to break even with the wholesale cost of diesel, given that biodiesel only contains 92% of the amount of energy as diesel on a btu basis.

Unfortunately, even with the $1/gal subsidy, soybean biodiesel is still uncompetitive with diesel.  Soybean biodiesel is not the only game in town; a number of companies are using waste vegetable oil and animal tallow as feedstocks. These products generally have a better cost profile than soybean oil and do not compete with food supplies.  Yet, the ability to scale waste feedstocks remains limited, due to the logistical challenges of sourcing and collecting discarded waste from restaurants and factories (see Biofuels 2010: Spotting the Next Wave).

I recognize that I will continue to be criticized any time I bring up any point that exposes the limitations of ethanol and biodiesel and that is contrary to the official propaganda that Big Agriculture extols.  That being said, my biggest concern is not that we subsidize biofuels (after all, one could make a very compelling economic argument that all fossil fuels are subsidized in the absence of a carbon tax -- that is, the price of fossil fuels does not represent the total costs if one includes the negative externalities that society has to pay); rather, it is that our governmental leaders seem to have decided that ethanol and biodiesel should be the future of biofuels rather than leveling the playing field for all biofuels, including algae and synthetic designer fuels, and letting the market choose the most efficient fuel.  

 

15 Comments

  • sukamadek 03/12/10 6:38 AM

    If the government had decided to mandate and subsidize the telephone company in the early 1900’s we would still be turning a crank on the phone to reach the operator down at the phone company. Welfare whether corporate or socially based (government workers) has never and will never work. If you throw them a rope they will pull you in.

    Reply
  • Megan C 03/12/10 8:05 AM

    I think this article does a goo job at describing the tax credit program used in order to push the importance of using biodiesel fuel by the general public. I think it’s important for society and companies to understand the importance and relevance of using biodiesel fuel. People looking for more information should definitely check out http://www.greencollareconomy.com.

    Reply
  • richard 03/12/10 11:02 AM

    what about all the other tax breaks that petroleum companies get and the other funding such as taxpayer funded jets that patrol for big tankers

    Reply
  • Moe 03/12/10 3:34 PM

    Thanks for the explanation! Once I see and understand the numbers behind this and ethanol, the more I believe we need to level the playing field and put a carbon tax in place.

    Reply
  • Tre 03/12/10 5:01 PM

    Your analysis leaves out a huge point.  Even though the price at the pump of diesel may be around $2…this is not the true price.  You have to factor in the subsidies to the oil industry and cost of securing access to oil in the Middle East (via War), and other hidden costs.  The International Center for Technology Assessment estimates these extra costs to be around $12/gal.  If we can help reduce our dependency on the destructive oil industry for $1.01/gal, I’d say that’s getting off cheap.

    Reply
  • randydutton 03/12/10 8:34 PM

    Don’t forget that 1st gen biodiesel needs to be augmented with urea to make the diesel trucks run correctly.  That’s another cost that isn’t mentioned.  Also, 1st gen biodiesel has performance problems acknowledged by the industry.

    Reply
  • Ron Steenblik 03/13/10 5:31 AM

    Good article, Joshua. Just one small correction: it is the cellulosic ethanol production tax credit that is $1.01 per gallon; the biodiesel blenders’ credit is an even $1 per gallon.

    As for Tre’s comment, he sites estimates from an outdated study from 1998 that through in many subsidies that could equally be attributed to biofuels. Some of the “subsidies” included in the ICTA study included under-recovery of the costs of highways (since vehicles operating on biofuels also use the highways, this “subsidy” should be pro-rated to them as well), the external costs of noise pollution from cars and trucks (same reasoning), and the external costs of air pollution. At the time, the belief was that biofuels produced no pollution, but we now know that not to be the case, especially on a life-cycle basis.

    Reply
  • Ron Steenblik 03/13/10 5:33 AM

    Spelling correction: “As for Tre’s comment, he cites estimates from an outdated study from 1998 that threw in many subsidies that could equally be attributed to biofuels.”

    Reply
  • C. J. 03/13/10 10:52 PM

    Also factor in crude oil shipping from Opec and pipeline cost from Canada whereas algal diesel can be produced locally and used locally while cleaning up sewer effluent. Additionally Algae diesel burns cleaner
    and is produced with American labor who pay taxes and the money circuates here in friendly hands rather
    than overseas between someone who states they are going to cut our throat. In the future practically every city will have a God given miracle algae plant on their sewer effluent. producing diesel and many other products.
    locally requiring no trucking.  Our energy security demands that we produce ALL our fuel here.

    Reply
  • Karl 03/14/10 12:13 PM

    Wow all this talk of “subsidies” for the oil industry, wars for oil and cap & tax trade cons, makes me think i was reading a typical LWNJ blog. Here is another conspiracy theory for you to chew on, maybe that war in Iraq was just a good ploy to destabilize oil prices that would lead to the collapse of the economy thus forcing baby boomers to delay retirement and prevent a social security disaster. (not that I believe this but it is just as plausible as the theory that our Government is just the forceful are of the oil industry.

    As for cap & tax, if you feel so strongly about it, just calculate what you should be paying for fuel based on those misguided assumptions and mail a check to the oil company or to the federal Government. If you really feel you should pay that much for fuel then put your money where you mouth is, if you can not do that then you really are just spouting off with anti-corporate, anti-government rants that do not express what you really want to say. Just admit you dislike capitalism and competition (most likely due to the inability to compete in any meaningful way) and you wish the world could just be one big grey cold dark place where no innovation or imagination is allowed to flourish.

    Let us not forget that the US bio-fuel industry was taking those subsidies and then selling the fuel on the European market where they could make more profit. It was so bad near the end that the European market had to restrict trade. You can read about it here:
    http://www.pennenergy.com/index/articles/display/8097718103/articles/oil-gas-journal/general-interest/government/articles/eu-slaps_antidumping.html

    Reply
  • Karl 03/14/10 12:23 PM

    Sorry the first paragraph last sentence should have been forceful ARM of the oil industry.

    Reply
  • richard 03/15/10 8:38 AM

    as for Karls comments - the reason that companies had to sell to eorope was because it was the only place that would buy large quantities - the oil companies and their lobbyists do a very good job of keeping their prices just beyond the profitable area for biodiesel producers. The reason that europe put a restiction on is that the feedstock that they use was even more expensive thus making the fuel even higher but they wanted to protect their companies even thought the fuel cost more. We should only be so lucky to have support like that!!

    Reply
  • Carnot 03/17/10 5:42 AM

    When,oh when will The American public get it. Biodiesel and ethanol are monsters from hell. They merely convert fossil fuels into some trendy fuel that you believe is green. It will never be competitive with fossil fuels because it relies on fossil fuels and as for energy independence you are deluding yourselves. Most of your biodiesel finds it way to Europe, so indirectly and stupidly you are subsidising the Europeans. If the US wishes to reduce its energy dependency on foreign oil then use less- few people need to drive SUV’s. If biodiesel or ethanol were cheaper then the US would simply use more and wreck even more of the environment. Any reasonably intelligent person can sit down with a pen , paper and caluclator and do the maths.It is not difficult and biofuels are simply not sustainable is any form. As for algae, do the thermodynamcis and check out the nhype. This whole industry is infested with crackpot ideas and dodgy people looking to make money. Show me one, just one cellulosic ehtnaol or algae facility that is working past lab scale, that is promisingly possible and is prepared to disclose its true yield data and cost. Just one. The only one that is close is Seambiotic of Israel and that is still to show scale up potential. Then do the maths on algae carbon sequestration and tell me how much land would be required to sequester the carbon dioxide from a 1000 MW gas fired power plant at 50% efficiency. Do those maths and you will know what I am talking about. Then tell me how the carbon dioxide will be stored at night. You might also, like to read up on the PAR project and the ASP.
    Do you want me to list the drawbacks on biodiesel. Look at jet fuel contamination and biological growths to start with.
    By the way I do not work for big oil. I just did my homework.

    Reply
  • Jordan 01/27/12 1:46 PM

    What do you think of biodiesel created from algae?

    http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1579413688/biofuel-for-everyone/posts

    is a great example of possible things to come.

    Reply
      • Carnot 02/1/12 2:33 AM

        Jordan,

        Don’t be a mug. Pull the patent and read it . This is straight out of star-trek. Thermal depolymerisation will not happen inthis claptrap. If you want to bet money go an bet it on horses. You would stand a better chance than this rubbish.

        A fool and his money are easily parted. do not be a fool.

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