Smart grid proponents like to talk about the "Home Area Network" – a communications network for thermostats, appliances and electronics that can display the energy they're using. But getting there will take a lot of time and money.
What Standards?
It's still in flux. ZigBee is the most popular with nearly all the pilot projects now underway in North America, said Simon Harrison, a consultant with U.K.-based Engage Consulting Limited, which tracks smart meter deployments around the world. (In Europe, M-Bus is taking the lead, he said.)
But WiFi could be another contender, since it already has a presence in so many homes. Its disadvantage is its larger power requirements, though GainSpan says it has developed a low-power WiFi module that could fix that problem (see An Old Favorite, WiFi, Preps to Disrupt Smart Meter Market).
Z-Wave, another potential in-home communication standard, hasn't picked up much traction so far (see Sigma Snaps Up Perennial Smart Grid Hopeful Zensys.)
Powerline networking, through the in-development HomePlug standard, is running a distant, but respectable second, since it may be needed for about 10 percent to 20 percent of situations where wireless presents problems, Harrison said. Those could include apartments where meters are more widely scattered and separated by walls and other physical barriers, he said. Powerline can transfer more data, but it also costs more. (Smart meter and building control networking company Echelon Corp. has its own technology for powerline communications).
All these standards, by the way, are for radio or powerline control inside the home to the meter. The meter will communicate to substations and utilities over a variety of protocols: RF mesh, cellular, broadband over powerline, fiber, etc.
Notable Hardware Companies
A lot of companies claim they aren't interested in hardware, but their products are really embodied in hardware anyway. The worry among hardware makers is that they could be subject to commodity competition and pricing.
The Boulder, Colo.-based Tendril Networks makes energy displays, wall outlets and thermostats that talk to one another using the ZigBee communication standard. The startup has deals with about 29 utilities and expects to announce a commercial rollout in 2009 that will involve about 5,000 to 10,000 new homes a month, along with about ten more field trials. Still, it recently had layoffs, and has announced it will license its software to third-party equipment developers.
EnergyHub makes software and touch screen control panels to track and display home energy usage. The New York-based startup says it plans to start selling directly to consumers as well as to utilities sometime in the middle of 2009.
The Petaluma, Calif.-based, privately funded Threshold is also making a suite of wireless home control systems, including some energy-monitoring and savings devices. The devices use OneNet, an open-source wireless standard, to communicate with each other, though they can also "talk" with WiFi, ZigBee, Z-Wave and a host of other communications. Expect to see products for sale over the Internet by year's end.
Energate makes smart thermostats that serve as home area network hubs, communicating via ZigBee or other standards with a variety of smart home devices. Its thermostats are in use in pilot projects with Hydro One and Louisville Gas and Electric, and it is partnering with smart meter communications networking company Tantalus.
Cooper Industries Ltd. bought Cannon Technologies Inc., which makes smart thermostats, a few years ago and now has deals with PG&E, Baltimore Gas and Electric and other utilities to supply power demand management and energy efficiency services.
Aztech Associates makes wireless in-home display devices and time-of-use clocks that tell homeowners how much power they're using and when it's most expensive. Its products are in use in pilot projects including Louisville Gas and Electric and Canada's Hydro-Quebec.
Radio Thermostat Corporation of America is making a thermostat that can communicate via WiFi (see Get Ready for the WiFi Thermostat). The company also makes in-home displays and wall socket devices that can be controlled for demand response.
Control4 builds home control systems that show power usage and allows lighting control via a television interface – a recent add-on to the company's home entertainment and security monitoring systems. It has a deal to supply control systems for GE Home Technologies systems, and it's also looking to partner with smart grid software developer Gridpoint to use homeowners existing broadband connections to link them to utilities in advance of smart meter rollouts.
Onzo, a United Kingdom-based maker of energy dashboards and devices, has a £7 million order for its products with utility Scottish and Southern Energy, which holds the rights to distribute them in the U.K. and Ireland. That's perhaps not surprising, considering that Onzo received a £1 million investment from the Scottish utility, along with £1 million from the utility's Sigma Capital Group, in exchange for a 49-percent stake in the company.
Comverge Inc. (NSDQ: COMV) fits into the home area network in a slightly different way. As a provider of demand response services, it allows utilities to cut power use in homes at peak demand times using one-way pager networks, and has installed in-home energy displays, smart thermostats and digital controls in projects with more than 500 utility customers. In a nod to the emerging dominance of smart meters and broadband connections as pathways to the home, Comverge has also launched software aimed at giving utilities a platform to monitor and control systems based on both modes of communication.
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