Former EPA Chief: Building 100 More Nuclear Reactors Is Doable

Christine Todd Whitman wants more federal funding for power plants and waste reprocessing. And, don’t count Yucca Mountain out just yet – "Harry Reid won’t last forever."

Nuclear power is like the black sheep of the clean energy family. It gets some acknowledgement but not a warm embrace in public discussions about building fewer coal-fired power plants and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

But supporters are making a big push to get nuclear power into center of the family portrait. Just yesterday, U.S. Sen. Lamar Alexander renewed his call for doubling the number of nuclear reactors – or building about 100 of them – over the next 20 years.

Does that sound like a realistic goal? Former U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chief Christine Todd Whitman thinks so. 

"The industry has done that. It built four to five reactors a year in the '60s and '70s," said Whitman during an interview with Greentech Media this morning. Whitman now co-chairs of a nuclear power advocacy group CASEnergy Coalition in Washington, D.C.

"People shouldn't base their information on nuclear on Bart Simpson. That's just not reality," said Whitman, referring to the popular cartoon character, whose father works as a safety inspector at a nuclear power plant.

Whitman said nuclear power could replace coal as the main source of electricity. It already produces about 20 percent of the electricity in the country. The U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the nation's electricity demand would grow 26 percent between 2007 and 2030, and that means 259 gigawatts of new generation capacities need to come online during that time.

"Solar and wind aren't going to solve all the problems," she said. "We haven't cracked the problem about storage and how to make [solar and wind] our base power."

There are, of course, well-known hurdles for why nuclear power gets no respect. It's expensive, takes a long time to build and there is that sticky issue about where to store the wastes. Well publicized nuclear plant disasters haven't helped either.

President Obama has said he is fine with nuclear power, but have you seen him holding a press event at a nuclear power plant to discuss clean energy and green jobs? Many democratic lawmakers in Congress also have blocked Republican efforts to put nuclear power in the "low emission" category and provide more incentives to nuclear power projects in pending energy bills in the House and Senate (see WSJ's Environmental Capital blog).

"The challenge here has been the costs in that it's hard for utilities to get financial backers if they think the government might pull the rug from under them any minute. Getting people comfortable with the idea is a push as well," Whitman said.

A nuclear reactor would cost about $6 billion to $8 billion to build, and nuclear power pricing is "competitive with wind," she said. It could take 10 years from the time a permit application is filed to when the power plant is turned on. The industry would like to see that process cut down to around seven to eight years, she added.

Providing more federal loan guarantees to nuclear power developers would help in a big way, Whitman said. So will finding an underground repository for the spent nuclear fuel. The federal government had settled on Yucca Mountain at on point, but that site is out of favor now because of objections raised by Sen. Harry Reid of Nevada, who also happens to be the Senate majority leader.

"Yucca is history," Reid said earlier this month when he announced that Obama has severely cut the 2010 funding to prepare the site for storing nuclear wastes.

Whitman said the idea isn't as dead as Reid would like to believe.

"I bet it'll come back. The government has spent too much money on it, and Harry Reid won't last forever," Whitman said.

Currently the wastes are being stored in holding ponds and above-ground facilities. So far, no other alternative sites have emerged to replace Yucca as strong candidates for underground storage.

Like Alexander, Whitman is advocating for re-processing spent nuclear fuel, which still contains uranium that can be used again. France and Japan are among the countries doing that. The approach could cut down on the amount of wastes that need to go underground.

A recent MIT report, however, said the benefits of reprocessing the wastes aren't likely to outweigh the safety and other concerns. 

Comments [14]

  • Boo In Boston 05/28/09 4:25 PM

    Christie Todd Whitman’s snide and rather mean “...Harry Reid won’t last forever” exposes her own naivete. Regards storing the nation’s nuclear waste in Yucca Mountain, Reid speaks the mind of most Nevadans as well as Downwinders in nearby Utah.

    Reply
  • Peter A 05/28/09 7:45 PM

    Nuclear energy has failed us because it only makes sense for weapons of mass destruction (assuming that such a thing even makes sense). The use of fission to create electricity had much to do with appeasing public opinion and giving the Manhattan Project veterans something to do and less to do with “clean energy”. As for nuclear energy being “green”, I’ll take a major exception with that assertion: Not only is the fuel a non-renewable resource, but nukes cannot possibly exist without cheap oil and coal. What do you think powers the mining, transportation and enrichment of uranium? (btw, enrichment is insanely energy intensive). What powers the construction of nuclear reactors? Their decommissioning? The handling of nuclear waste? I challenge the industry to show us its net energy yield.

    Reply
  • fryguy 05/29/09 10:29 AM

    Life in la-la land.Everything is feasible if you have enough money and time. The nuclear industry lacks both. At over nine billion and over five years to build a nuclear power plant, And nobody wants to finance it because of the risk and nobody wants to insure it because of the risk and nobody wants the waste because of th risk.

    Reply
  • drivin98 05/29/09 10:54 AM

    If it’s such a great idea, why didn’t they get built when her gang was in office? Just go away Ms. Whitman, far far away.

    Reply
  • Jeff Skov 05/29/09 1:19 PM

    I think we can and should build 100 or more nuclear plants over the next 20 years.  I believe the downside risk to nuclear power is way overbalanced by its upside benefits, including jobs (to build the power plants, distribution lines, and electric cars); improved homeland security (some fraction of every dollar we send to the Middle East for oil gets spent on terrorist activities—we know this); improved national security (China is investing in a deep-water navy to protect the sea lanes it needs for all the oil it is contracting for; and we should be very conserving of oil anyway because the military might we take for granted virtually depends on it); less reliance on non-democratic, politically unstable countries (take a look at how many U.S. servicemen’s lives it takes to get one barrel of oil out of Iraq, for instance; and did you know that Valentine’s Day cards are banned in Saudi Arabia?  that Chavez is resorting to force to crush the labor unions in Venezuela?  that Iran’s president wants Israel swept off the map and is furiously enriching uranium for that and other “peaceful purposes”?); and cleaner air (take a look at how much CO2, SO2, NOx, fine pariculates, CO, VOCs, arsenic, mercury, and lead a typical coal plant produces: http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c02c.html).  A little contained nuclear waste is a small price to pay.

    Reply
  • Larry Kelley 05/29/09 1:42 PM

    Nuclear is our only, true, long term (next 50 years) hope. Eventually H2 will be the power source. Water to Water from Sun and wind. Not H2 from CH4   And Yucca is actually the best place we’ll find in this country.  Guys like Harry Reid have their heads stuck in the sand, or maybe they are being ‘paid off’......who really knows?

    Reply
      • Steve Pluvia 06/5/09 5:20 PM

        After years of exposure to the Yucca mtn arguments, I am left thinking its a way for Nevada politicians to generate revenue for NV.  The overdone testing, re-testing re-testing of the re-testing, legal battles over legal battles layered by more fights etc bring in millions of revenue for NV lawfirms and consultants.  Nobody in that business wants Yucca approved or flat out denied, they just want more fight so they can generate more revenue.

  • Francis T Winzig, Jr 05/29/09 1:50 PM

    100 or more nuclear plants would be 1 to many. But I do not have a vested interest in nuclear power. My interest is in logical solutions. Solar should be the main focus because in the very near future some one person or group will have that eureka moment and produce the lowest cost easiest method to cover every structure with a solar power substance. So existing power plants will become distribution and storage centers.

    Reply
  • Larry Kelley 05/29/09 1:55 PM

    Francis, I TRULY hope you are right?
    I like nuclear, but I am developing very thin, inexpensive, and efficient solar cells.
    http://www.siliconsolarelectric.com
    (JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)

    Reply
  • glenn2ns 05/29/09 2:43 PM

    more to worry about than carbon.  Living by a nuclear plant for most of 4 decades, and hearing 1st hand accounts about non-US workers driving onto the grounds without security checks of ANY kind, prompting PhD level scientists to quit before Al Queda devises a new core reaction.  Evil genius has few limits.  Let alone the half life issue of what to do with it.  Scrap the nukes! - scrap the nukes! - scrap the nukes!. . .and that from a capitalist through and through.

    Reply
  • Peter A 05/30/09 2:31 PM

    I think we’re better off taking the money for the 100 reactors and giving it to every homeowner in the US to install solar panels, inverters and batteries in their homes to take some load off the grid. Just 1kw per household would make a huge dent not to mention it would create a giant ecosystem of bottom-up innovation, leading to an energy revolution. But that would be disruptive to the utility industry, of course, which would rather keep us all hooked to its Dumb Matrix.

    Reply
  • Ken Higgs 05/30/09 8:27 PM

    Dear Ms. Whitman,

    I held much respect for you while you were at the EPA.  I was sorry the matter with you
    there ended as it did.

    You are high energy.  Good.  But your recent slants on nuclear plant construction is Way
    Way off the mark.  It suggests pro-muclear munchkins may be getting too close to your
    present modus operandi.

    More than ALL the nuclear energy required is beneath the feet of all North Americans.
    You should know, thus I assume you do know, of the Geo Thermal Power Assn.

    M.I.T has done a full report on showing that geothermal is the natural exploiter of the
    natural fusion that goes on in the centre of the Earth, which by the way is hotter than the
    sun.  No uranium to mine.  No megaprojects.  Their report states there is enough energy
    and such is now being put into service (Ormat, Raser, etc) to supply 10 USA’s.

    So what is this voice in the wind for nuclear energy, from an EPA ex, doing on TV today,
    fanning the flames for nuclear power plants?  Recent finds show that even Texas, Miss.
    and other states in that area have 300 degree F. water not far down, that works in EGS
    systems just fine.  So lets do a Tony Braxton song, about ‘Give Me One Reason…”

    Reply
      • Donad A. Garrepy, P.E. 06/2/09 6:59 AM

        The term “Spent Nuclear Fuel” is a misnomer. It still contains large amounts of usable energy but not in its present form and state. There are 104 nuclear powered electric generating plants in the US. Each facility has been storing “spent” fuel rods since the inception of this technology. And the inventory is growing year by year. How long do we continue to store this material on-site?? And what do we do with this material when the facility is decommissioned??  Shall we continue to store it at the same site??
        Some have suggested that we haul it all to Nevada and store it permanently at Yucca Mtn, which is part of the Nevada Test Site, located about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas.  The NTS occupies approx 1300 square miles (about the size of Rhode Island).  The NTS is where we tested (detonated) about 900 “nuclear devices”, all but 30 underground.
        For more than 10 years Bechtel Corp has been expending many billions of taxpayer dollars on the Nevada version of the “Big Dig”, i.e., drilling tunnels and “spent fuel” storage alcoves in Yucca Mtn.
        However, the current plan for long-term, permanent burial of spent nuclear fuel at Yucca Mtn is almost dead for sound technical reasons.  Also, the people of Nevada and their elected representatives do not want this material brought into their state for burial.  By the way, there are no nuclear power reactors anywhere in the state of Nevada.
        Then what shall we do with the 70+ thousand tons of spent nuclear fuel currently being stored at our nuclear power plants?? Regardless of your philosophy about nucear power (for or against), the storage problem is very real and it must be dealt with. Maintaining this huge volume of highly radioactive material in so many areas throughout the Country represents a clear and present danger. We don’t have to worry about terrorists importing nuclear materials into the US to make a “dirty bomb”.  All they have to do is tap into the nuclear material inventory already here in storage.  A well trained and well armed group of terrorists (foreign or domestic) might very well be able to overpower the security force at many of our commercial nuclear facilities, especially if they were not concerned about their own well being, i.e., suicidal.  And they would not have to steal the spent nuclear fuel stored primarily in pools. All they would have to do is bring enough explosives with them and the resulting detonation could spew radioactivity over a very wide geographic area. Note that the containment building housing the nuclear reactor itself would not even have to come into play.
        My proposal is to set up reprocessing facilities at our existing government sites, such as the Savannah River Site, Nevada Test Site, Hanford Washington Site, Idaho National Laboratory, and some of our relatively large, under-utilized military bases.  Clusters of reactors could be built at these reprocessing facilities which would produce huge amounts of electricity to feed into the national grid.  By using our existing government owned facilities, we take advantage of their existing infrastructure, including well trained and experienced security forces.  And these sites occupy large geographic areas which for the most part are not within or near high density population areas.  This proposal would also expand upon the existing technological base of nuclear reprocessing.  Technical universities and the technical community near these facilties would see substantial growth and advancement.  Furthermore, we would be spreading the solution to an existing serious problem throughout the country rather than dumping the entire problem in a single area for someone else to deal with years later.
        Perhaps the people of Nevada would be willing to participate in such a multi-state recycling program at the NTS where the re-processed nuclear material would be used to fuel clusters of next-generation power reactors that would go a long way towards weening us off fossil fuel plants with their resulting carbon dioxide emissions.  Note that my proposal includes “clusters” of reactors.  Such an arrangement allows for permanent staffing of operations, maintenance, refueling and testing personnel which could eliminate the need for temps, travellers and contractors.
        This nationwide situation we are in, calls for a national solution. And the solution I propose calls for a rather straight forward, yet intense engineering and scientic effort.  Some of the positive attributes of the Nevada Test Site, Hanford Washington, Savannah River and the INL being involved in this solution is that they encompass large geographic areas, they have already been involved in “nuclear matters”, they have some of the technical and scientic resources already in place, they have Department of Energy and State oversight, and they have large, well-trained security forces in place.

      • Jersey Swamp 06/5/09 5:07 PM

        Whitman has a point.  The Obama administration is apparently more concerned about he the inner depths of one mountain in Nevada than they are about 40 mountain tops in West Virginia.  When will Obama step up to the plate and stop playing politics with global warming?

.